{"id":9730,"date":"2019-07-02T11:00:06","date_gmt":"2019-07-02T11:00:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/?p=9730"},"modified":"2024-12-05T15:45:27","modified_gmt":"2024-12-05T08:45:27","slug":"toc-do-may-tinh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/?p=9730","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0o?"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng quan t\u00e2m h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. M\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u00ean trong m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"T\u1ed1c
T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0o?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n tham kh\u1ea3o th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c l\u1eabn nhau hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd trung t\u00e2m (CPU)<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111a nhi\u1ec7m. Kh\u00f4ng ngoa khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng CPU<\/a> ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ed9 n\u00e3o\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1edfi t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Tuy v\u1eady n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 CPU m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cung c\u1ea5p th\u00ec v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a CPU \u0111\u00f3.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"CPU\"
CPU<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd Intel i3 v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd Intel i5 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 2,9 GHz, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Intel i3 l\u1ea1i k\u00e9m h\u01a1n Intel i5.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 hai CPU s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb cache l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 L2 v\u00e0 L3. Tuy r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb cache c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb cache. V\u1eady n\u00ean trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ebft dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cache c\u1ee7a L3 th\u00ec g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hai CPU \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb truy c\u1eadp ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean (RAM)<\/strong><\/h2>\n

RAM<\/a> l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc RAM \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"RAM\"
RAM<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eebng hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m r\u1eb1ng t\u0103ng dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb RAM b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng RAM l\u00ean s\u1ebd gi\u00fap t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nhanh h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng gian l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n n\u00ean cho ph\u00e9p n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111a nhi\u1ec7m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n gia t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a RAM ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fd do m\u00e0 c\u00e1c thanh RAM \u0111\u1eddi m\u1edbi lu\u00f4n thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1eeb ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n iT c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng th\u00eam s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng RAM kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1c. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng RAM t\u0103ng l\u00ean c\u0169ng gi\u00fap m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edd kh\u00f4ng gian l\u01b0u tr\u1eef l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Th\u00eam n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch gi\u1eefa CPU v\u00e0 RAM c\u00e0ng cao th\u00ec t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u1ed4 \u0111\u0129a c\u1ee9ng (HDD v\u00e0 SSD)<\/strong><\/h2>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0y th\u00ec d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. B\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng SSD<\/a> c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng cao h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n HDD<\/a>. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t SSD c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u201c\u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i\u201d ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n HDD. Ch\u00e0, th\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng!\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"HDD
HDD v\u00e0 SSD<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng SSD s\u1ebd l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. Sau khi n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p l\u00ean SSD, ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ea1y \u00eam, m\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u01a1n, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111a nhi\u1ec7m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n…<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda (GPU)<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ebfn ba b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u00ean tr\u00ean. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi d\u00e2n iT m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c game th\u1ee7 hay nh\u1eefng designer th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 GPU<\/a> m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u01a1n c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eddi c\u0169. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 GDDR5 \u0111\u1ec9nh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u GDDR4 v\u00e0 GDDR4 l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n DDR4.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u0169ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf. Trong \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n