{"id":6071,"date":"2018-11-22T08:51:39","date_gmt":"2018-11-22T08:51:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/?p=6071"},"modified":"2024-12-06T17:50:23","modified_gmt":"2024-12-06T10:50:23","slug":"ban-co-biet-cpu-la-gi-khong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/?p=6071","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 n\u1eafm r\u00f5 CPU m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec ch\u01b0a?"},"content":{"rendered":"

CPU l\u00e0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Central Processing Unit hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd trung t\u00e2m. CPU \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc Laptop…<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"T\u00ecm
T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 CPU m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u00e0o, c\u00e1i t\u00ean CPU l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quen thu\u1ed9c. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0y. V\u1eady th\u00ec CPU l\u00e0 g\u00ec, CPU l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu n\u00e0o trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh? H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 CPU – CPU l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><\/h2>\n

Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 nghe nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 CPU, b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u00e1y t\u00ednh\u2026 V\u1eady CPU hay b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? CPU l\u00e0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Central Processing Unit hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd trung t\u00e2m. CPU \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc Laptop, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdi th\u00f4ng tin, thao t\u00e1c, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1ec7nh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Laptop.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xem chi ti\u1ebft: T\u1ea5t t\u1ea7n t\u1eadt v\u1ec1 CPU \u2013 Nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ai c\u0169ng n\u00ean bi\u1ebft<\/a><\/p>\n

\"CPU\"
CPU<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a CPU l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><\/h2>\n

T\u1eeb kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 CPU, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng <\/span>CPU \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 d\u00e0n m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ecdi th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Gi\u00fap m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u01a1n chu m\u1ecdi t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i vi x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn chung, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a CPU v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n g\u1ed3m 3 kh\u00e2u: t\u00ecm n\u1ea1p, gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u00ecm n\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><\/h3>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00ecm n\u1ea1p li\u00ean c\u1ee7a CPU m\u00e1y t\u00ednh quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u1ec7nh. L\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi CPU t\u1eeb RAM. M\u1ed7i l\u1ec7nh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thao t\u00e1c n\u00e0o, v\u00ec v\u1eady CPU c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft l\u00ea\u0323nh n\u00e0o s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 l\u1ec7nh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t Program Counter – b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfm ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh (PC). PC v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t Instruction Register – thanh ghi l\u1ec7nh (IR). \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a PC sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a l\u1ec7nh ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a CPU<\/span><\/h3>\n

Khi m\u1ed9t l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm n\u1ea1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong IR, CPU s\u1ebd truy\u1ec1n l\u1ec7nh t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 l\u1ec7nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ec7nh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n qua c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c thi<\/span><\/h3>\n

Trong b\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3, g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn li\u00ean quan c\u1ee7a CPU \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t CPU register, n\u01a1i ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham chi\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a CPU<\/span><\/h2>\n
\"C\u1ea5u
C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a CPU<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o CPU bao g\u1ed3m h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch nh\u1ecf. Trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a CPU \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m 2 kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i t\u00ednh to\u00e1n:<\/span><\/p>\n