{"id":43507,"date":"2024-07-15T16:39:32","date_gmt":"2024-07-15T09:39:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/?p=43507"},"modified":"2024-11-29T21:49:12","modified_gmt":"2024-11-29T14:49:12","slug":"mach-on-ap-la-gi-cau-tao-va-nguyen-ly-hoat-dong-cua-mach-on-ap","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/?p=43507","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ea1ch \u1ed5n \u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch \u1ed5n \u00e1p"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">M\u1ea1ch \u1ed5n \u00e1p \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng do bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n iT t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1ch \u1ed5n \u00e1p nh\u00e9!<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_43509\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-43509\" style=\"width: 750px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-43509 size-full\" title=\"M\u1ea1ch \u1ed5n \u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch \u1ed5n \u00e1p\" src=\"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/mach-on-ap-la-gi-cau-tao-va-nguyen-ly-hoat-dong-cua-mach-on-ap.jpg\" alt=\"M\u1ea1ch \u1ed5n \u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch \u1ed5n \u00e1p\" width=\"750\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/mach-on-ap-la-gi-cau-tao-va-nguyen-ly-hoat-dong-cua-mach-on-ap.jpg 750w, https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/mach-on-ap-la-gi-cau-tao-va-nguyen-ly-hoat-dong-cua-mach-on-ap-300x160.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/mach-on-ap-la-gi-cau-tao-va-nguyen-ly-hoat-dong-cua-mach-on-ap-510x272.jpg 510w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-43509\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">M\u1ea1ch \u1ed5n \u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch \u1ed5n \u00e1p<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>M\u1ea1ch \u1ed5n \u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">M\u1ea1ch \u1ed5n \u00e1p l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o trong ph\u1ea1m vi cho ph\u00e9p. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 \u201cl\u00e1 ch\u1eafn b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7\u201d c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed kh\u1ecfi t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i do \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, nhi\u1ec5u, s\u1ee5t \u00e1p hay qu\u00e1 \u00e1p.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Nh\u1edd cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1ea1ch \u1ed5n \u00e1p g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch \u1ed5n \u00e1p<\/b><\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>1. M\u1ea1ch \u1ed5n \u00e1p c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/b><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Bao g\u1ed3m diode \u1ed5n \u00e1p (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/diode-zener-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">diode zener<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">) v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_43510\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-43510\" style=\"width: 730px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-43510 size-full\" title=\"M\u1ea1ch \u1ed5n \u00e1p d\u00f9ng diode zener\" src=\"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/mach-on-ap-la-gi-cau-tao-va-nguyen-ly-hoat-dong-cua-mach-on-ap-1.jpg\" alt=\"M\u1ea1ch \u1ed5n \u00e1p d\u00f9ng diode zener\" width=\"730\" height=\"340\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/mach-on-ap-la-gi-cau-tao-va-nguyen-ly-hoat-dong-cua-mach-on-ap-1.jpg 730w, https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/mach-on-ap-la-gi-cau-tao-va-nguyen-ly-hoat-dong-cua-mach-on-ap-1-300x140.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/mach-on-ap-la-gi-cau-tao-va-nguyen-ly-hoat-dong-cua-mach-on-ap-1-510x238.jpg 510w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 730px) 100vw, 730px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-43510\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">M\u1ea1ch \u1ed5n \u00e1p d\u00f9ng diode zener<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Diode zener c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ghim \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u1edf m\u1ee9c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh (Vout) khi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i qua ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">\u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf (R) gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n (I) cho diode zener, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong ph\u1ea1m vi an to\u00e0n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Khi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o (Vin) thay \u0111\u1ed5i, diode zener s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec Vout \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Xem th\u00eam: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/tim-hieu-mach-on-ap-dung-diode-zener\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ea1ch \u1ed5n \u00e1p d\u00f9ng diode zener<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>2. M\u1ea1ch \u1ed5n \u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng transistor<\/b><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, do \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf R c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n d\u00f2ng kh\u00e1 cao, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn. Do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1eafc th\u00eam transistor cho m\u1ea1ch \u1ed5n \u00e1p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> Bao g\u1ed3m transistor, diode zener, \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_43511\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-43511\" style=\"width: 730px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-43511 size-full\" title=\"M\u1ea1ch \u1ed5n \u00e1p d\u00f9ng diode zener v\u00e0 transistor\" src=\"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/mach-on-ap-la-gi-cau-tao-va-nguyen-ly-hoat-dong-cua-mach-on-ap-2.jpg\" alt=\"M\u1ea1ch \u1ed5n \u00e1p d\u00f9ng diode zener v\u00e0 transistor\" width=\"730\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/mach-on-ap-la-gi-cau-tao-va-nguyen-ly-hoat-dong-cua-mach-on-ap-2.jpg 730w, https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/mach-on-ap-la-gi-cau-tao-va-nguyen-ly-hoat-dong-cua-mach-on-ap-2-300x144.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/mach-on-ap-la-gi-cau-tao-va-nguyen-ly-hoat-dong-cua-mach-on-ap-2-510x245.jpg 510w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 730px) 100vw, 730px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-43511\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">M\u1ea1ch \u1ed5n \u00e1p d\u00f9ng diode zener v\u00e0 transistor<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Diode zener v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2n B c\u1ee7a transistor lu\u00f4n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf m\u1ee9c Vref.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">transistor c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2n B lu\u00f4n cao h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ch\u00e2n E kho\u1ea3ng 0.6V. Khi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o Vin thay \u0111\u1ed5i, transistor s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n Ic qua n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p Vout (\u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2n E) lu\u00f4n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf m\u1ee9c Vref &#8211; 0.6V.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch \u1ed5n \u00e1p<\/b><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">M\u1ea1ch \u1ed5n \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">M\u00e1y t\u00ednh, tivi, t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh, m\u00e1y gi\u1eb7t, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9,&#8230;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf:<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">M\u00e1y theo d\u00f5i b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, m\u00e1y th\u1edf, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh,&#8230;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p:<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n, b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, robot,&#8230;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u00f2a nh\u00e0, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng an ninh, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau,&#8230;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong>B\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n DC:<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p AC th\u00e0nh DC v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb c\u1ee7a H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n iT.vn v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1ch \u1ed5n \u00e1p. Hy v\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u00edch cho b\u1ea1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc n\u00e0o th\u00ec h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn ngay d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c inbox tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho HOCVIENiT.vn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fac b\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng!<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u1ea1ch \u1ed5n \u00e1p \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng do bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n iT t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1ch \u1ed5n \u00e1p nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":95,"featured_media":43509,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[95,94],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43507"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/95"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=43507"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43507\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/43509"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=43507"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=43507"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=43507"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}