{"id":2337,"date":"2018-07-10T15:01:21","date_gmt":"2018-07-10T15:01:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/?p=2337"},"modified":"2025-03-21T10:53:06","modified_gmt":"2025-03-21T03:53:06","slug":"co-ban-ve-transistor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/?p=2337","title":{"rendered":"C\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 Transistor"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"C\u01a1
C\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 Transistor<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1 – Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Transistor<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

1.1 – C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Transistor (B\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Transistor g\u1ed3m ba l\u1edbp b\u00e1n d\u1eabn gh\u00e9p v\u1edbi nhau h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh hai m\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p P-N , n\u1ebfu gh\u00e9p theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 PNP ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Transistor thu\u1eadn , n\u1ebfu gh\u00e9p theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 NPN ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Transistor ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o Transistor t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi hai Diode \u0111\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ba l\u1edbp b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i ra th\u00e0nh ba c\u1ef1c, l\u1edbp gi\u1eefa g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c g\u1ed1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 B (Base), l\u1edbp b\u00e1n d\u1eabn B r\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hai l\u1edbp b\u00e1n d\u1eabn b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i ra th\u00e0nh c\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t (Emitter) vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 E,\u00a0 v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c thu hay c\u1ef1c g\u00f3p (Collector) vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 C, v\u00f9ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn E v\u00e0 C c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i b\u00e1n d\u1eabn (lo\u1ea1i N hay P) nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e1n v\u1ecb cho nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Transistor<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1.2 – Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Transistor.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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* X\u00e9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Transistor NPN.<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

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Ta c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u UCE v\u00e0o hai c\u1ef1c C v\u00e0 E trong \u0111\u00f3 (+) ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0o c\u1ef1c C v\u00e0 (-) ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0o c\u1ef1c E.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u UBE \u0111i qua c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc v\u00e0 tr\u1edf h\u1ea1n d\u00f2ng v\u00e0o hai c\u1ef1c B v\u00e0 E, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ef1c (+) v\u00e0o ch\u00e2n B, c\u1ef1c (-) v\u00e0o ch\u00e2n E.<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc m\u1edf, ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 hai c\u1ef1c C v\u00e0 E \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y qua m\u1ed1i C E (l\u00fac n\u00e0y d\u00f2ng\u00a0 IC = 0).<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3ng, m\u1ed1i P-N \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c thu\u1eadn do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y t\u1eeb (+) ngu\u1ed3n UBE qua c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc => qua R h\u1ea1n d\u00f2ng => qua m\u1ed1i BE v\u1ec1 c\u1ef1c (-) t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh d\u00f2ng IB<\/span><\/p>\n

Ngay khi d\u00f2ng IB xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n => l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng IC ch\u1ea1y qua m\u1ed1i CE l\u00e0m b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng, v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng IC m\u1ea1nh g\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n d\u00f2ng IB.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng d\u00f2ng IC ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng IB v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c theo m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c.<\/span><\/p>\n

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IC = \u03b2.IB<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3 IC l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea1y qua m\u1ed1i CE<\/span><\/p>\n

IB l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea1y qua m\u1ed1i BE<\/span><\/p>\n

\u03b2 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 khuy\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Transistor<\/span><\/p>\n

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Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch : Khi c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p UCE nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 l\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p P-N \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng IBE do l\u1edbp b\u00e1n d\u1eabn P t\u1ea1i c\u1ef1c B r\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 pha t\u1ea1p th\u1ea5p, v\u00ec v\u1eady s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed t\u1ef1 do t\u1eeb l\u1edbp b\u00e1n d\u1eabn N ( c\u1ef1c E ) v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p sang l\u1edbp b\u00e1n d\u1eabn P( c\u1ef1c B ) l\u1edbn h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ebf v\u00e0o l\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh d\u00f2ng IB c\u00f2n ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed b\u1ecb h\u00fat v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda c\u1ef1c C d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p UCE => t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh d\u00f2ng ICE ch\u1ea1y qua Transistor.<\/span><\/p>\n

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* X\u00e9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Transistor PNP.<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

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S\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Transistor PNP ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 Transistor NPN nh\u01b0ng c\u1ef1c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n UCE v\u00e0 UBE ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i . D\u00f2ng IC \u0111i t\u1eeb E sang C c\u00f2n d\u00f2ng IB \u0111i t\u1eeb E sang B.<\/span><\/p>\n

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2 – K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Transistor<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

2.1 – K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u & h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng Transistor<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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2.2 – K\u00fd\u00a0 hi\u1ec7u (tr\u00ean th\u00e2n Transistor)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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* Hi\u1ec7n nay tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i Transistor c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c transistor c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Transistor Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n: th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 A…, B…, C…, D…\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5: A564, B733, C828, D1555trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c Transistor k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 A v\u00e0 B l\u00e0 Transistor thu\u1eadn PNP c\u00f2n k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 C v\u00e0 D l\u00e0 Transistor ng\u01b0\u1ee3c NPN. C\u00e1c Transistor\u00a0 A v\u00e0 C th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cao c\u00f2n c\u00e1c Transistor B v\u00e0 D th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7cth\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Transistor do M\u1ef9 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, \u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 2N…\u00a0\u00a0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 2N3055, 2N4073 vv…<\/span><\/p>\n

Transistor do Trung qu\u1ed1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t:<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 3, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 hai ch\u1eef c\u00e1i. Ch\u1eef c\u00e1i th\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t cho bi\u1ebft lo\u1ea1i b\u00f3ng: Ch\u1eef A v\u00e0 B l\u00e0 b\u00f3ng thu\u1eadn, ch\u1eef C v\u00e0 D l\u00e0 b\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1eef th\u1ee9 hai cho bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m : X v\u00e0 P l\u00e0 b\u00f2ng \u00e2m t\u1ea7n, A v\u00e0 G l\u00e0 b\u00f3ng cao t\u1ea7n. C\u00e1c ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 \u1edf sau ch\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 : 3CP25 , 3AP20 vv\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

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2.3 – C\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00e2n E, B, C c\u1ee7a Transistor.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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V\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i Transistor c\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf th\u00ec th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n C v\u00e0 B tu\u1ef3 theo b\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o s\u1ea3 xu\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00e2n E lu\u00f4n \u1edf b\u00ean tr\u00e1i n\u1ebfu ta \u0111\u1ec3 Transistor nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 Transistor do Nh\u1eadt s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t: v\u00ed d\u1ee5 Transistor\u00a0 C828,\u00a0 A564 th\u00ec\u00a0 ch\u00e2n C \u1edf gi\u1eefa , ch\u00e2n B \u1edf b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 Transistor Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00ec ch\u00e2n B \u1edf gi\u1eefa, ch\u00e2n C \u1edf b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 Transistor \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u00e1i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y => \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ta d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

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V\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i Transistor c\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t l\u1edbn (nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi) th\u00ec h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 chung th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n l\u00e0 : B\u00ean tr\u00e1i l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c B, \u1edf gi\u1eefa l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c C v\u00e0 b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c E.<\/span><\/p>\n

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* \u0110o x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00e2n B v\u00e0 C<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi Transistor c\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf th\u00ec th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n E \u1edf b\u00ean tr\u00e1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ta ch\u1ec9 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00e2n B v\u00e0 suy ra ch\u00e2n C l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 thang x1\u2126, \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t que \u0111o v\u00e0o t\u1eebng ch\u00e2n, que kia chuy\u1ec3n sang hai ch\u00e2n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu kim l\u00ean b\u1eb1ng nhau th\u00ec ch\u00e2n c\u00f3 que \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n B, n\u1ebfu que \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 que \u0111en th\u00ec l\u00e0 Transistor ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00e0 que \u0111\u1ecf th\u00ec l\u00e0 Transistor thu\u1eadn\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

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3- Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra Transistor<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

Transistor khi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng do nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0 h\u1ecfng do nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, do \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ngu\u1ed3n t\u0103ng cao ho\u1eb7c do ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Transistor, \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra Transistor b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y nh\u1edb c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ki\u1ec3m tra Transistor ng\u01b0\u1ee3c NPN t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m tra hai Diode \u0111\u1ea5u chung c\u1ef1c An\u00f4t, \u0111i\u1ec3m chung l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c B, n\u1ebfu \u0111o t\u1eeb B sang C v\u00e0 B sang E ( que \u0111en v\u00e0o B ) th\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111o hai diode thu\u1eadn chi\u1ec1u => kim l\u00ean , t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111o kh\u00e1c kim kh\u00f4ng l\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ki\u1ec3m tra Transistor thu\u1eadn\u00a0 PNP t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m tra hai Diode \u0111\u1ea5u chung c\u1ef1c Kat\u00f4t, \u0111i\u1ec3m chung l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c B c\u1ee7a Transistor, n\u1ebfu \u0111o t\u1eeb B sang C v\u00e0 B sang E ( que \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0o B ) th\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111o hai diode thu\u1eadn chi\u1ec1u => kim l\u00ean , t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111o kh\u00e1c kim kh\u00f4ng l\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean l\u00e0 Transistor b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Transistor c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p .<\/span><\/p>\n

*\u00a0 \u0110o thu\u1eadn chi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb B sang E ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb B sang C => kim kh\u00f4ng l\u00ean l\u00e0 transistor \u0111\u1ee9t BE ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ee9t BC<\/span><\/p>\n

* \u0110o t\u1eeb B sang E ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb B sang C kim l\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai chi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ch\u1eadp hay d\u00f2 BE ho\u1eb7c BC.<\/span><\/p>\n

* \u0110o gi\u1eefa C v\u00e0 E kim l\u00ean l\u00e0 b\u1ecb ch\u1eadp CE.<\/span><\/p>\n

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4 – C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Transistor<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

4.1 – C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Transistor<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i: L\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a transistor, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua d\u00f2ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0y Transistor s\u1ebd b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i: L\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a transistor \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o c\u1ef1c CE, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0y Transistor s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee7ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ea5n s\u1ed1 c\u1eaft: L\u00e0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n m\u00e0 Transistor l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 khuy\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Transistor b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 khuy\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i: L\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ICE l\u1edbn g\u1ea5p bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ea7n d\u00f2ng IBE<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i: Khi hoat \u0111\u1ed9ng Transistor ti\u00eau t\u00e1n m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t P = UCE. ICE n\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t n\u00e0y v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 c\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Transistor th\u00ec Transistor s\u1ebd b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng.<\/span><\/p>\n

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4.2 – M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 Transistor \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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* Transistor s\u1ed1 (Digital Transistor): Transistor s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 Transistor th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng ch\u00e2n B \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea5u th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c K\u2126<\/span><\/p>\n

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Transistor s\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc , m\u1ea1ch logic, m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n , khi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u00e1p l\u1ec7nh 5V v\u00e0o ch\u00e2n B \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e8n ng\u1eaft m\u1edf.<\/span><\/p>\n

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* K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u: Transistor<\/span><\/p>\n

Digital th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 DTA… (\u0111\u00e8n thu\u1eadn), DTC…(\u0111\u00e8n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c),\u00a0 KRC…(\u0111\u00e8n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c), KRA…(\u0111\u00e8n thu\u1eadn),\u00a0 RN12…(\u0111\u00e8n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c), RN22…(\u0111\u00e8n thu\u1eadn), UN…., KSR…<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5: DTA132, DTC 124 vv…<\/span><\/p>\n

* Transistor c\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t d\u00f2ng (c\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t ngang)<\/span><\/p>\n

Transistor c\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t l\u1edbn th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u00f2: s\u00f2 d\u00f2ng, s\u00f2 ngu\u1ed3n\u2026 c\u00e1c s\u00f2 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1ed9 cao \u00e1p ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ngu\u1ed3n xung ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p\u00a0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cao v\u00e0 cho d\u00f2ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng l\u1edbn.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c s\u00f2 c\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t d\u00f2ng (TV m\u1ea7u)\u00a0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5u th\u00eam c\u00e1c diode \u0111\u1ec7m \u1edf trong song song v\u1edbi c\u1ef1c CE.<\/span><\/p>\n

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5 – Ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c cho Transistor<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

5.1 – C\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n cho Transistor (Vcc – \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cung c\u1ea5p)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Transistor trong m\u1ea1ch ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea5p cho n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n, tu\u1ef3 theo m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o Transistor hay \u0111i qua \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf, cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y… ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n Vcc cho Transistor \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p cho c\u1ef1c CE.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng: N\u1ebfu Transistor l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c NPN th\u00ec Vcc ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng (+), n\u1ebfu Transistor l\u00e0 thu\u1eadn PNP th\u00ec Vcc l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u00e2m (-)<\/span><\/p>\n

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5.2 – \u0110\u1ecbnh thi\u00ean (ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c) cho Transistor.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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* \u0110\u1ecbnh thi\u00ean: l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0o ch\u00e2n B ( qua tr\u1edf \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u00ean) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t Transistor v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng,\u00a0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng khuy\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u cho d\u00f9 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf.<\/span><\/p>\n

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* T\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u00ean cho Transistor n\u00f3 m\u1edbi s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng? \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ta h\u00e3y x\u00e9t hai s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean:<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u1ede tr\u00ean l\u00e0 hai m\u1ea1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng transistor \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch ch\u00e2n B kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch ch\u00e2n B \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u00ean th\u00f4ng qua R\u0111t.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o khuy\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t\u00a0 nh\u1ecf ( t\u1eeb 0,05V \u0111\u1ebfn 0,5V ) khi \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ch\u00e2n B( \u0111\u00e8n ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u00ean) c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra d\u00f2ng IBE ( \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ed1i P-N pha\u1ec9 c\u00f3 0,6V m\u1edbi c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea1y qua ) => v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng ICE =>\u00a0 s\u1ee5t \u00e1p tr\u00ean Rg = 0V v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ra ch\u00e2n C = Vcc<\/span><\/p>\n

\u1ede s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee9 2 , Transistor c\u00f3 R\u0111t \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u00ean => c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng IBE, khi \u0111\u01b0a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u nh\u1ecf v\u00e0o ch\u00e2n B => l\u00e0m cho d\u00f2ng IBE t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m => d\u00f2ng ICE c\u0169ng t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m, s\u1ee5t \u00e1p tr\u00ean Rg c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i => v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

=> K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: \u0110\u1ecbnh thi\u00ean ( hay ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c)\u00a0 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n IBE ban \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u1ed9t s\u1ee5t \u00e1p tr\u00ean Rg ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u y\u1ebfu \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u1ef1c B , d\u00f2ng IBE s\u1ebd t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m => d\u00f2ng ICE c\u0169ng t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m => d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee5t \u00e1p tr\u00ean Rg c\u0169ng t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m => v\u00e0 s\u1ee5t \u00e1p n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ta c\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y ra.<\/span><\/p>\n

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5.3 – M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 mach \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u00ean kh\u00e1c.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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* M\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u00ean d\u00f9ng hai ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n

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* Mach \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf ph\u00e2n \u00e1p<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u m\u1ea1nh y\u1ebfu kh\u00e1c nhau, th\u00ec m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00eam \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf ph\u00e2n \u00e1p Rpa \u0111\u1ea5u t\u1eeb B xu\u1ed1ng Mass.<\/span><\/p>\n

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* M\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u00ean c\u00f3 h\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfp.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u ra (c\u1ef1c C) \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o (c\u1ef1c B) m\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cho m\u1ea1ch khuy\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i khi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

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M\u1ecdi chi ti\u1ebft xin vui l\u00f2ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7:<\/i><\/p>\n

C\u00d4NG TY C\u1ed4 PH\u1ea6N H\u1eccC VI\u1ec6N IT<\/strong>
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Tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i:<\/strong>\u00a0S\u1ed1 8 ng\u00f5 117 Th\u00e1i H\u00e0, \u0110\u1ed1ng \u0110a, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i<\/p>\n

H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh:<\/strong>\u00a0S\u1ed1 283\/45 C\u00e1ch M\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m, Ph\u01b0\u1eddng 12, Qu\u1eadn 10,\u00a0TP.HCM
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Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean:<\/strong>\u00a0S\u1ed1 297 L\u01b0\u01a1ng Ng\u1ecdc Quy\u1ebfn, TP. Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean
\nH\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n IT.vn \u2013 Truy\u1ec1n ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f9ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng!\u00a0<\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1 – Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Transistor 1.1 – C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Transistor (B\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn)   Transistor g\u1ed3m ba l\u1edbp b\u00e1n d\u1eabn gh\u00e9p v\u1edbi nhau h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh hai m\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p P-N , n\u1ebfu gh\u00e9p theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 PNP ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Transistor thu\u1eadn , n\u1ebfu gh\u00e9p theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 NPN ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Transistor ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1ec1 […]\n","protected":false},"author":95,"featured_media":12300,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[96,94],"tags":[666],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2337"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/95"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2337"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2337\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12300"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2337"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2337"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2337"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}