{"id":2326,"date":"2018-07-10T14:33:58","date_gmt":"2018-07-10T14:33:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/?p=2326"},"modified":"2025-03-21T16:03:19","modified_gmt":"2025-03-21T09:03:19","slug":"cac-loai-diode-thong-dung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/?p=2326","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i diode th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

Diode c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed1i P-N. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, t\u00f9y theo m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1p pha v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn thu\u1ea7n ban \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u00f9y theo s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a diode v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa m\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i diode kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"C\u00e1c
C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i Diode th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Diode ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0u<\/h2>\n

L\u00e0 diode th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u \u2013 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf 50Hz \u0111\u1ebfn 60Hz sang \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u. Diode n\u00e0y t\u00f9y lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng t\u1eeb v\u00e0i tr\u0103m mA \u0111\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i tr\u0103m ampere. Diode ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i Si. Hai \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Diode ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0u l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng thu\u1eadn t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ng\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u0111a (\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5). Hai \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y do nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cho bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

\"Diode
Diode ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0u<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu diode v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Khi \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c thu\u1eadn v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng VK, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n qua diode t\u0103ng nhanh trong l\u00fac \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf qua hai \u0111\u1ea7u diode VD c\u0169ng t\u0103ng (tuy ch\u1eadm) ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu tr\u00ean. \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n, l\u00fac n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m th\u1ebf qua hai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf \u0111\u1ed9ng r0.<\/p>\n

\"Ki\u1ec3u
Ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu diode v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Diode h\u1ea7m (Tunnel diode)<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1958 b\u1edfi Leo-Esaki n\u00ean c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 diode Esaki. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i diode \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i diode kh\u00e1c. Diode h\u1ea7m c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 pha ch\u1ea5t ngo\u1ea1i lai l\u1edbn h\u01a1n diode th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u (c\u1ea3 v\u00f9ng P l\u1eabn v\u00f9ng N).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c tuy\u1ebfn V-I c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

\"\u0110\u1eb7c
\u0110\u1eb7c tuy\u1ebfn V-I<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Khi ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c ngh\u1ecbch, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u0103ng theo \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf. Khi ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c thu\u1eadn, \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf th\u1ea5p, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u0103ng theo \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng khi l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh A (VP IP), d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3m trong khi \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf t\u0103ng. S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean ngh\u1ecbch n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn thung l\u0169ng B (VV IV). Sau \u0111\u00f3, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u0103ng theo \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf nh\u01b0 diode th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o. \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a diode h\u1ea7m t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o Ge, Si, GaAs (galium Asenic), GaSb (galium Atimonic)\u2026 V\u00f9ng AB l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf \u00e2m (thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng 50 \u0111\u1ebfn 500 mV). Diode \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong v\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf \u00e2m n\u00e0y. V\u00ec t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t cao n\u00ean v\u00f9ng hi\u1ebfm c\u1ee7a diode h\u1ea7m qu\u00e1 h\u1eb9p (th\u01b0\u1eddng kho\u1ea3ng 1\/100 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng v\u00f9ng hi\u1ebfm c\u1ee7a diode th\u01b0\u1eddng), n\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xuy\u00ean qua m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i theo hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng chui h\u1ea7m n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 diode h\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

T\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 Ip\/Iv r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. T\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y kho\u1ea3ng 10:1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ge v\u00e0 20:1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi GaAs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Diode c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed1i P-N. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, t\u00f9y theo m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1p pha v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn thu\u1ea7n ban \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u00f9y theo s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a diode v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa m\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i diode th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":95,"featured_media":12216,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[96,94],"tags":[248],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2326"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/95"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2326"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2326\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12216"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2326"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2326"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2326"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}