{"id":18771,"date":"2020-11-26T02:48:13","date_gmt":"2020-11-26T02:48:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/?p=18771"},"modified":"2025-05-21T16:38:07","modified_gmt":"2025-05-21T09:38:07","slug":"2-dinh-luat-quan-trong-trong-dien-tu-co-ban","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/?p=18771","title":{"rendered":"2 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay, H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n iT.vn s\u1ebd chia s\u1ebb t\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n hai \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng<\/strong> trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Ohm v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Kirchhoff.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"2
2 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1. \u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt \u00d4m<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt \u00d4m: C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i qua 2 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n lu\u00f4n t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf \u0111i qua 2 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 (V\u1edbi v\u1eadt d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1). Ta c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

I = U\/R<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/span><\/p>\n

I<\/strong> l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i qua v\u1eadt d\u1eabn (\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb: Ampere).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

U<\/strong> l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p tr\u00ean v\u1eadt d\u1eabn (\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb: Volt).<\/span><\/p>\n

R<\/strong> l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf (\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb: Ohm).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Ohm, \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf R kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 R lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 1 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ecb c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf qua m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt d\u1eabn c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf l\u00e0 R th\u00ec d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng (T\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t). V\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u00e0 P. P \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

P = UI = RI2<\/sup> = U2<\/sup>\/R<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gia nhi\u1ec7t (N\u1ed3i c\u01a1m \u0111i\u1ec7n, b\u00e0n l\u00e0, \u1ea5m si\u00eau t\u1ed1c\u2026). Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng th\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbn. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y d\u1eabn c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf l\u1edbn th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t ra v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n hao n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Khi \u0111\u00f3, ta ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Kirchhoff<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Kirchhoff v\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Kirchhoff 1 (K1) hay \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t n\u00fat, t\u00f3m g\u1ecdn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt n\u00fat. Trong \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 sau: T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t n\u00fat b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng<\/strong>. Quy \u01b0\u1edbc: D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i v\u00e0o n\u00fat c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi n\u00fat c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u00e2m ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u0110\u1ecbnh
\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Kirchhoff v\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

V\u1edbi n l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0o n\u00fat hay \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi n\u00fat.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u tr\u00ean, ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt n\u00fat nh\u01b0 sau: T\u1ed5ng c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t n\u00fat b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y ra kh\u1ecfi n\u00fat \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy ra r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean l\u00fd b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Kirchhoff 1. Theo \u0111\u00f3, ta ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 sau: T\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t n\u00fat \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Kirchhoff v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Kirchhoff 2 (K2) hay \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p trong m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng, g\u1ecdn l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt v\u00f2ng k\u00edn. Trong \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 sau: T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p d\u1ecdc theo m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng b\u1eb1ng 0<\/strong>. Quy \u01b0\u1edbc: Hi\u1ec7u th\u1ebf c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u (-) khi \u0111i theo v\u00f2ng theo chi\u1ec1u t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf (t\u1ee9c g\u1eb7p c\u1ef1c \u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1edbc) v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u0110\u1ecbnh
\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Kirchhoff v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

V\u1edbi n l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean l\u00fd b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt v\u00f2ng k\u00edn. Theo \u0111\u00f3, ta ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 sau: T\u1ed5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong k\u00edn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n theo th\u1eddi gian<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb c\u1ee7a H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n iT.vn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf. Hy v\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u00edch cho b\u1ea1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc n\u00e0o th\u00ec h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn ngay b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c inbox tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n iT.vn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fac b\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng!<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft li\u00ean quan:<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ea1ch n\u1ea1p t\u1ee5, x\u1ea3 t\u1ee5 trong ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 th\u1eddi gian RC<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ea1ch chia \u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch chia \u00e1p tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ea1ch \u1ed5n \u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch \u1ed5n \u00e1p tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi chi ti\u1ebft xin vui l\u00f2ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7:
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\nH\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n IT.vn \u2013 Truy\u1ec1n ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f9ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng!\u00a0<\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay, H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n iT.vn s\u1ebd chia s\u1ebb t\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n hai \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Ohm v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Kirchhoff.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":95,"featured_media":18772,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[734],"tags":[661],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18771"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/95"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18771"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18771\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/18772"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18771"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18771"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hocvienit.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18771"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}